Assessing and Evaluating Student Learning in the Clinical Setting

Introduction Medical and nursing students gain experience through working in clinical settings that expose them to the real life situations that they will meet in the working environment. In the clinical setting, they are observed, evaluated and critiqued by supervisors as they dispense oral and intravenous medication to patients. Evaluation of students in these clinical settings is an integral part of their training.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Assessing and Evaluating Student Learning in the Clinical Setting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though the expectations from the students have been more or less the same over the years- demonstration of critical thinking skills and accurate knowledge while effectively interacting with both staff and patients- the methods evaluation and assessment have considerably evolved. Evaluators employ different assessment tools to critique and guide students depending on the topic under study and the need. No doubt, the last decade has seen an evolution of assessment methods in medicine especially in the replacement of single methods by multiple methods. Additionally, computerized tests are playing more roles in the assessment of students. Furthermore, there are other approaches like the Best Evidence-Based Assessment (BEBA) that form a good portion of descriptive evaluation in education. Students are trained in different medical disciplines and on numerous aspects aimed at making them best all round. Despite the different approaches and the goals as dictated by the training needs, there is consensus among educators that competence is the ultimate goal. Additionally, there is agreement among the scholars that the clinical setting is the best environment for training assessment and evaluation of students in their quest to achieve competence. Christie et al (2007, p. 1049) contents that authentic valuation i.e. in a clinical setting offers the best c hance to gauge a student’s performance in real situations. Cassidy (2009, p. 34) agrees that students need to master competence in their area of practice through exposure to real life situations that they will be dealing with once they start practicing.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Subjectivity In most of the literature like the above, use of the clinical setting is not in contention, rather the evaluation approaches used. Cassidy (2009, p. 34) says that provision of consistent and honest evaluation in clinical settings is crucial in the clinical setting evaluation. Cassidy adds that credibility of clinical assessments is needed to lend proficiency to the assessment strategies employed. Christie et al (2007, p. 1049) concurs that even though clinical setting evaluation offers the best chance for authentic evaluation, the process needs to minimally flawless so that in or der to gain credibility. Christie et al (2007, p. 1049) adds that clinical setting evaluation faces big challenges especially the making of subjective judgments about decisions made by students. McMahon (2007, p. 1) also adds to the skewed perception about clinical setting evaluation and assessment methods. McMahon is more direct in his approach and asserts that the biggest challenge that is facing clinical setting evaluation today stems from the subjective view of student performance by faculty members (McMahon, 2007, p.1). This, he adds raises their chances of failure in the most critical evaluation platform.. Unfortunately, many students during informal discussions reveal their perception of professional judgment as being subjective and personal. Interestingly, the frustration bred by feelings of subjectivity is felt on both sides. Christie et al (2007, p. 1049) alludes to the fact that some works of research have uncovered the frustration that members of faculty feel from the pe rceived subjectivity that students face from them. Christie continues to say that some of them have even expressed concern about reprisals including legal action by students. The importance of the clinical setting assessment and evaluation has led to scholars bringing forward suggestions that aimed at emphasizing its role in medical training and restoring the faith in it. Justification Both Cassidy (2009, p. 24) and Christie et al (2007, p. 1049), acknowledge that subjectivity or the feeling of it in clinical setting training and evaluation is unavoidable. Educators must therefore face their fears and acknowledge that assessment of professionalism especially in clinical situations must be subjective, personal and must be accompanied by an explanation (Christie et al, 2007, p. 1049).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Assessing and Evaluating Student Learning in the Clinical Setting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mo re Additionally, the practitioners who are also instructors must perform the evaluation during the time of stress and also undertake it during routine activities. Cassidy on his part asserts that valid subjectivity is equivalent to propositional evidence that is drawn from the actions of students during clinical situations moments (2008, p. 34). In fact, subtle use of valid subjectivity provides credible means of assessment to instructors who try to use the captured clinical setting moments as shared learning experiences. Conclusion/ Recommendation Every student is entitled to positive feedback during assessment and evaluation including clinical settings. As McMahon suggests its important if immediate written and verbal feedback was given impetus to help guide the student in his/her quest to improvement (2007, p. 1). Furthermore, there is need for the adoption of comprehensive faculty training programs that will help instructors develop more friendly approaches in delivering valid subjective judgments to students in clinical situations. References Cassidy, s. (2009). Subjectivity and the valid assessment of pre-registration student nurse clinical learning outcomes: Implications for mentors. Nurse Education Today (2009) 29, 33–39. Christie, C. et al. (2007). Effectiveness of Faculty Training to Enhance Clinical Evaluation of Student Competence in Ethical Reasoning and Professionalism. Journal of Dental Education Volume 71, Number 8  McMahon, J. (2007). What is Happening in Nursing: The Clinical Evaluation Process- Are your students â€Å"At Risk for Failure?†. Williamsport: Thomson Delmar Learning. Web.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Articles Cassidy, s. (2009). Subjectivity and the valid assessment of pre-registration student nurse clinical learning outcomes: Implications for mentors. Nurse Education Today (2009) 29, 33–39. Web. Christie, C. et al. (2007). Effectiveness of Faculty Training to Enhance Clinical Evaluation of Student Competence in Ethical Reasoning and Professionalism. Journal of Dental Education Volume 71, Number 8. Web. McMahon, J. (2007). What is Happening in Nursing: The Clinical Evaluation Process- Are your students â€Å"At Risk for Failure?†. Williamsport: Thomson Delmar Learning. Web. 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Labor Relations Project and Presentation Essays

Labor Relations Project and Presentation Essays Labor Relations Project and Presentation Essay Labor Relations Project and Presentation Essay Labor Relations is a really delicate portion of a concern that should be decently reviewed and studied before implementing or altering a concerns behavior. Happy Trails is a moderate-sized company that is seeking to minimise cost to go on to function its renters with a cost effectual service. Unfortunately cost has to be reviewed in all possible ways and schemes. We will be covering a few of the advantages and disadvantages of unionising. A recommendation will be given to assist steer Happy Trails. A reappraisal will besides be conducted of the issues a brotherhood might raise during the forming attempt. The stairss that should be covered by the LPN’s will besides be presented. We will so show the labour pattern that the LPN’s should avoid. We will so rede the independent life place direction on what we feel they should make. We will cover the statements and defence the infirmary will lift to the brotherhoods forming issues. Then we will take a expression at what the company must make if they resist unionization. We will so see what unjust labour patterns need to be avoided by direction. We will finalise this paper by reexamining what activities Happy Trail direction should and should non prosecute in. Advantages A ; Disadvantages The deliberation to unionise. or non. is a complicated stance. There are advantages and disadvantages on both sides of the determination. With a determination to unionise. the LPNs would be protected and guaranteed rewards and certain work conditions. On the other manus. Unionizing instantly creates an inauspicious relationship between members and the employer sometimes out weighing the benefits. In the event that a group of employees has a community of involvements coupled with concerns about their intervention as an employee by an employer for any ground. the employees have the right under the National Labor Relations Act ( NLRA ) . ( Bennett-Alexander A ; Hartman. 2007 ) . Recommendation In this instance. the recommendation for the LPN’s would be to unionise. This would protect them from being over ( or under ) worked. insure that proper rewards and entitlements were established. every bit good as brand sure Happy Trails was non anticipating or giving RN degree attention through the lesser qualified LPNs. Stairss to Unionize For the group of LPN’s at Happy Trails. the first measure would be to reach the local health care brotherhood representative mentioned in the overview. This would be a perfect get downing resource for information. inquiries and replies. This is besides the measure in which the brotherhood should go clear about what issues are of import and expected to be addressed by the corporate bargaining. For the LPN’s at Happy Trails. their issues should be concentrated on rewards. minimal hours worked. overtime footings. benefits. every bit good as clearly understanding the range of their expected responsibilities. Second. the LPN’s would necessitate to make up ones mind to fall in an already established industry brotherhood. or to make a brotherhood of their ain. In either instance. a sufficient figure of mandate cards ( or request signatures ) must be acquired. and the brotherhood must be voted in during a brotherhood representation election. or by inquiring the employer to voluntarily acknowledge the brotherhood. The National Labor Relations Board supervises and the brotherhood election. and certifies the consequences ( Bennett-Alexander A ; Hartman. 2007 ) . The last measure is to win a strong brotherhood contract. The LPNs in this instance would necessitate to negociate rewards paid. overtime payment footings. benefits. and minimal expected hours worked. Any brotherhood is merely every bit valuable as the contract agreed upon. Unfair Labor Practices that should be Avoided by the LPNs By and large. most unjust labour patterns are committed by the brotherhood or the employer. The merely unjust labour pattern the LPNs should avoid is to non seek to hale their fellow workers to fall in the brotherhood. Should Happy Trails Oppose Unionization? Although unionisation of groups like nurses is typically non-traditional. over the past 10 old ages at that place have been many registered nurses’ groups that have unionized across the state because of the demand for their employment and the deficit of nurses. Because of the demand to hold every American be able to afford health care. accredited practical nurses are in demand more because of their lower rewards. Happy Trails should non oppose unionisation. There are many other health care installations in the country who are working with brotherhoods Happy Trails would profit by negociating with a brotherhood besides. Because of the unhappy nurses at Happy Trails. seeking to barricade unionisation would likely be the worse measure for the organisation take. Employees may experience that management’s seeking to pull strings them and this can diminish employee morale. The nurses may travel to any of the other installations to seek work and representation by the brotherhood for better working conditions. If Happy Trails loses more nurses. it may be difficult to enroll new workers. Stairss to Defy Unionization Tacticss and schemes must be implemented in order to defy unionisation. One scheme that has been used in the yesteryear is to engage consulting houses. besides known as brotherhood fellows ( Bennett-Alexander A ; Hartmann. 2007 ) . These houses use methods that discourage employees from voting to hold brotherhood representation. This scheme is a dearly-won one and should merely be used if basic stairss are non working. One of import measure to avoiding unionisation is through employee dealingss ( Thomas A ; Associates. 2009 ) . Employee dealingss plans have the employees best involvement in head. An effectual plan will assist employee/employer communicating. which can assist decide any issues or dissatisfaction. If step one does non halt brotherhood forming. the following measure is to forestall the brotherhood from deriving employee support. Throughout this measure the company should inform the LPN’s of the cons of subscribing a brotherhood mandate card. If the employees are informed and feel valuable to the company they will be less likely to subscribe a brotherhood card. Information can be provided through meetings. letters. and bulletin boards. If an election run begins because 30 per centum of employees signed cards. the following measure is to decide any employee issues and to lawfully convert employees that their best involvements are served by rejecting the brotherhood. Happy Trails would necessitate to construct a strong run and reenforce the value of the bing benefits and the first-class on the job conditions. Arguments against Unionization by Happy Trails Arguments Happy Trails can utilize against unionisation include the followers: Funding the workers’ wage if a brotherhood exists Relationships between employee and employer may be threatened with a brotherhood Union dues paid by employees is taken from their payroll check The brotherhood can non vouch anything What unjust labour patterns need to be avoided by direction? a ) Management should non seek to command or interfere with brotherhood personal businesss. They should non seek to acquire their favorite/certain campaigner to be elected to the brotherhood office. B ) Management should non know apart against employees who join or is in favour of brining in a brotherhood. They should non know apart against employees who exercise their rights under the jurisprudence ( e. g. . ending. bumping. or giving hapless working agendas to such employees ) . ( Bennett-Alexander A ; Hartman. 2007. pg 666 ) degree Celsius ) Management should non interfere. endanger or keep their employees from exerting their rights under the labour jurisprudence statute law. for illustration. they should non state employees that they are non allowed to hold brotherhoods or they will be punished or terminated if they do conveying a brotherhood ) . vitamin D ) Management should non decline to dicker with the brotherhood. And they should non decline to dicker in good religion. Happy Trails’ direction squad may prosecute in any figure of activities during the unionisation. Which of the following would you rede? Explain why or why non? Activities during Unionization Promote LPNs. offer fillips. and put some into leading and direction functions. Unionization can be a long procedure but is rather good for the LPN’s. Unions are typically formed because employees are unhappy with their wage. working conditions. or hapless benefits. For that ground the activity direction should prosecute in is to actively advance LPN’s. offer fillips. and put some into leading and direction functions. This is the best maneuver to utilize and could profit Happy Trails every bit good as the LPN’s. However. the company has to do certain the tactics do non interfere with the employees’ attempts to unionise. Raises and chances must be given to everyone. non merely brotherhood protagonists ; otherwise the National Labor Relations Act ( NLRA ) could see the act as illegal and as unjust labour patterns. Equally long as the employer deals in good religion no jurisprudence has been broken. Tell employees salary additions must discontinue to finance the corporate bargaining understanding. This option is non feasible therefore I do non urge it. Using scare tactics and endangering to discontinue salary additions will make more injury than good. Strikes could happen. which would hold a negative impact on the company. The LPN’s shouldn’t feel like they are being punished for traveling with the brotherhood. Explain current employee benefits to the LPN’s. comparing them to brotherhood promises. Though this option is enlightening it is seasonably. There are cons to being in a brotherhood such as dues and possible work stoppages. Supplying information to employees could rock their determination particularly if they are non familiar with the brotherhood patterns. However. overall the brotherhood has benefited employees. which is why this method could be more uneconomical than effectual. Most brotherhood members have better benefits and pay than non-union members. The LPN’s are cognizant of the superior rewards and benefits other LPN’s in the countries have received hence there is non much to explicate. Threaten to shut installation due to brotherhood run Bing that Happy Trails is a wellness attention installation. shuting the installation would non be practical. It would besides be considered favoritism against employees if they closed the installation down due to the brotherhood run. The NLRA does non let favoritism against employees for take parting in brotherhood activities. By remaining unfastened. they have the upper manus and it would give them more chance to explicate the disadvantages of a brotherhood to their employees. Aid in circulation of antiunion requests. During a unionizing run an employer can non help in antiunion requests. Helping in this activity could be considered intervention by the employer. Participating in these activities is illegal and viewed as unjust labour patterns. Counter brotherhood exaggerated claims on circulars. We recommend the direction non to direct the circulars with overdone counter offers to brotherhood claims. The direction is non supposed to promise pay additions or other benefits if employees don’t fall in the brotherhood. ( Bennett-Alexander A ; Hartman. 2007. pg 673 ) And they are non supposed to electronic mail. station or go around any intimidating letters or cusps ( circulars ) . The direction can nevertheless give wage raises or benefits. but they have to give them all across the boards. non merely to the brotherhood protagonists. However. this tactic is limited if the direction decides to make this after the brotherhood has applied for the certification or has given notice to the direction to dicker its first understanding. State employees they do non necessitate to speak to brotherhood organisers. that they may vote against the brotherhood. and that the independent life place does non welcome the brotherhood. We recommend the direction to speak with the employees. and state them that they have the option to fall in the brotherhood. but it’s non compulsory for them to fall in. They can besides state the employees that the independent life place does non welcome the brotherhood. but if the employees vote for the brotherhood. the direction will follow the good religion bargaining understanding. Solicit employees to bespeak the return of their mandate cards. We would urge the direction non to inquire employees to return the mandate cards ( badges ) that mean you are allowing them go. Employers can non endanger to fire. lay-off or end employees for back uping or fall ining a brotherhood. Tell employees they may be replaced if they vote for the brotherhood. We would urge the direction non to state employees that they will be replaced if they vote for the brotherhood. That would intend the direction is endangering the employees. Management can’t threaten to fire. lay-off or end employees for back uping or fall ining a brotherhood. Entreaty to the employees to get the better of the brotherhood. We would urge the direction to speak with the employees and state them non to vote in favour of the brotherhood. The independent life place will make everything possible to raise the rewards and benefits every bit much as possible if the brotherhood is defeated. The direction has to be careful non to negatively act upon the employees against the brotherhood. The direction can besides state the employees. that if the brotherhood is organized. we will handle the corporate bargaining procedure with full religion and non follow any unjust labour patterns. The direction besides can province that we will follow precisely what the jurisprudence requires. Statisticss for brotherhood members in United States and California ( Statistics. 2013 ) : [ movie ] Decision When doing immense alterations that change an employees. benefits. wage. rights. and duties it is really of import and should be done really carefully. A company must retrieve how of import these alterations are to people and what issues could be created if the employees feel they are non being taken into consideration. When an employee feels violated they can travel to extreme step like going portion of a brotherhood. A brotherhood can go a immense load for a company and cost employees money. Many of the grounds why employees look at brotherhoods can normally be avoided and handled in house. Employees should besides retrieve that a brotherhood cost money and they should seek for a brotherhood that is worth their money. Unfortunately sometimes employees end up fring more than winning when they become portion of a brotherhood. If the people in the brotherhood are non making their occupation and looking out for all employees so they might merely be passing their money and non acquiring what they deserve. Mentions: Bennett-Alexander. D. D. . A ; Hartman. L. P. ( 2007 ) . Employment jurisprudence for concern ( 5th ed. ) . Boston. MA: McGraw-Hill. Ch. 14-Labor Law. Pg. 666 A ; 673. Labor Union Statistics. Retrieved on February 17. 2013. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bls. gov/ro9/unionca. htm Thomas A ; Associates ( 2009 ) . Avoiding Unions. Retrieved February 18. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. employersattorneys. com/employment-law/California-employer-how-to-

How have journalists and academics investigated current themes and Essay

How have journalists and academics investigated current themes and issues in the US presidential elections - Essay Example This research tells that the Presidential elections in the United States generate plenty of interest both within and outside the country.   Ascending into the role of a superpower at the culmination of the Second World War, the US foreign policies have had a significant impact in determining the political and economic success of nations all across the globe.   In this context, the scholarship, reportage and opinion editorials published in the lead up to the elections can reveal the contentious issues and underlying themes.   Such a study will help assess the merits and drawbacks of the American democratic enterprise, which the rest of this essay endeavors to. An issue that is always at the forefront of American politics is domestic economic policy and more importantly the issues of taxes and their expenditure.   In spite of political rhetoric about America being a â€Å"classless society, the statistics don't measure up to this claim. As Paul Krugman points out, â€Å"Thirt y years ago we were a relatively middle-class nation. It had not always been thus: Gilded Age America was a highly unequal society, and it stayed that way through the 1920s. During the 1930s and '40s, however, America experienced the Great Compression: a drastic narrowing of income gaps, probably as a result of New Deal policies. And the new economic order persisted for more than a generation: Strong unions; taxes on inherited wealth, corporate profits, and high incomes; close public scrutiny of corporate management--all helped to keep income gaps relatively small.... While Roosevelt's New Deal economic and social reforms met with outstanding success, it remains to be seen how the new President would cope with the Wall Street collapse of late. The historical similarities between the two don't end there. They both come from the Democratic Party and as Lichtman points out, piggybacked on a message of "change". And change is all the more imperative now than ever before in the post Second World War American history. For, irrespective of the fact that the country is the richest in the world, the extreme disparities in standard of living among its demography is a symbol of failed economic policies of previous presidents. According to estimates by the economists Thomas Piketty and Emmanuel Saez, based on statistics released by the Congressional Budget Office, "between 1973 and 2000 the average real income of the bottom 90 percent of American taxpayers actually fell by 7 percent. Meanwhile, the income of the top 1 percent rose by 148 percent, the income of the top 0.1 percent rose by 343 percent and the income of the top 0.01 percent rose 599 percent. (Those numbers exclude capital gains, so they're not an artefact of the stock-market bubble.) The distribution of income in the United States has gone right back to Gilded Age levels of inequality" (Lichtman, 2008). While these statistics represent the systemic injustices of the American economic system, which all Democratic Party candidates point to in their campaigns, there is also a dedicated conservative press and its team of scholars, who attempt to discredit blatant realities with ideological rationale. A case in point is the conservative think-tank Heritage Foundation, which has published articles supporting the reactionary policies of the Republican Party even as the

Dq-7.1-Terence Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Bad New Message Memo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Automotive Industry IT Requirements

Automotive Industry IT Requirements Total Cost of Ownership Objective: The objective of this analysis report is to study and analyse the present IT needs of the company and compare the economic benefits obtained when the company shifts to cloud solution as compared to the traditional On Premise IT configuration setup. The company chosen for this analysis is XYZ from the automotive industry. Company Description: XYZ is a global automobile manufacturing company and is a sub division of the Indian company ABCD. The company is known for its luxurious automobiles, buses, motorcycles and trucks. The headquarters of the company is in Dublin, Ireland. The company first gained its reputation back in 1990 and traces its origin to the founders of the company AB and CD. XYZ was first financed by PQR in the initial days. The first automobile launched by XYZ was regarded as the first CNG powered automobile. The slogan for XYZ is Just the best. Since 1998 XYZ is the top growing brand with the growth rate of 20%. Son of AB joined XYZ in 2001 after completing his MBA from a very reputed university in the UK and has been bringing a unique approach to branding and creativity in design ever since, which in turn has helped XYZ in achieving great heights in the respective industry. A Chinese automobile entrepreneur, DEF who worked with a Chinese automobile company created the trademark for XYZ in 1991 and the first automobile by XYZ was named after him which had a power of 30 hp. The first XYZ brand name luxurious vehicle was produced during 1992 with the merger of AB and CD. Throughout the 1990s XYZ produced a car named XYZ 123 which was supposedly the best luxurious car in those days and was used by the Queen of the UK. XYZ 123 was known for its exquisite design and bullet proof windshield. Other similar models were sold to private buyers only at auctions in the initial days. By 1995, the automotive division of XYZ was in financial difficulties because of the internal conflicts among the board of XYZ. It was during this period a shareholder meeting was held to decide whether to find an alternative to the issues or to go into liquidation. It was then decided to carry on, by trying to get funds from the current economy booming cars and it exploited so successfu lly that it also got the rights to manufacture the German car The FGH. After few modifications to the motorcycle engine XYZ started manufacturing mini cars as well. The success of these mini cars was sufficient to get XYZ back on its feet. Today, XYZ is a leading automobile company which also deals with cars in Formula 1. XYZ produces supercars under the XYZ supercar subdivision and motorcycles under the XYZ moto sub-division. The company has got over 20 showrooms in Europe with over 5000 employees. The purpose of the company is to deliver luxurious engineering to its customers. Thus, they make the customers feel better than they ever thought they can be. Customers are the heart of XYZs business and they have made it a point to provide exceptional customer care. Today, about 40% of the shareholder of XYZ is the Gerrard family of UK while the rest is in public float. By 1996, XYZ acquired the JKL company of Italy. JKL was briefly batched with the brand of XYZ until it was completely absorbed in a years time. The reason XYZ purchased JKL was that it was interested in the development of JKL in the overhead camshaft in automobile applications. The factory thus obtained from JKL was outmoded and XYZs immediate gain was, a s tock of highly qualified engineers and other personnel. JKL continued manufacturing their existing cars for a short period of time with the front and rear axles of XYZ till was closely incorporated into XYZ. In 1994, XZY acquired a large stake in the European based industrial design studio The Classic Designs, which they fully acquired by 1995. Also, by 1997 XYZ acquired the RALF group and owned it for some 3 years and then sold it when it was incurring huge loss in the automotive industry. After serving on the design team of XYZ for 7 years Mr. Lampard announced his departure from XYZ. He was replaced by Mr. Cole. Mr. Cole was known for his radical design contribution such as the XYZ 456 and XYZ 789. In 2001 production rights of the Mourinho Motorcycles was purchased by XYZ for 20 million euros. The company brings great value to their customers in a lot of ways like including promotions throughout the year, expert car care and maintenance advice and 4 points per ‚ ¬100 with their famous ADVANTAGE CARD. The customer can also subscribe to for extra benefits such as more treat for over 40 schemes by XYZ. On Premise IT As the company is evolving as a big brand day by day in the European automotive market, they need to have a proper IT setup too. As of now, the company has an on premise IT setup with its main office in Dublin 1, Ireland. Being an automotive company, there are not much departments in XYZ that need the servers or software. The servers are required only for running SQL databases to store all the company data related to the customers, inventory, employees, sales and purchases. Tape storage system is used for the backup purpose. To have the replicated copies of the data, XYZ makes use of RAID 10. Currently, XYZ is using a 25 Mbps bandwidth connection to connect all the servers and to ease out the networking. It includes hubs, switches and bridges for providing seamless networking. The hardware and the software configurations and other aspects related to the on premise IT setup of XYZ are as mentioned below: On Premise Hardware: Intel ® Xeon ® Processor: The company chose the Intel ® Xeon ® Processor to run and support the business applications and also to reduce the response time of the servers. Dell PowerEdge R910: Dell PowerEdge is a tower server having Intel E 7510 chipset. This chipset is popularly known for its key features like reliability, data protection and to improve the business productivity. It contains 16 GB ram with SATA connected to 8 TB storage. On Premise Software: Microsoft SQL server: XYZ is currently using SQL server for maintaining its database and keeping all the records of the customers, employees, sales and purchase, inventory management etc. Kaspersky Antivirus Operating System: Windows 10 is running on the front-end computers of the company while Ubuntu 16.04.01 server edition is used for servers. Storage: Currently, the company has 8 TB storage for storing its data. For backups, the company makes use of tape storage backup system. IT support Team: Currently XYZ has a small team dedicated to IT support. This team is in charge of configuring, administering and handling the IT systems present in the company. Also, the support team is responsible for managing the centralized server as well as to ensure that the complete data of XYZ is being properly managed and secured. As XYZ is expanding its business gradually, the current IT setup of the company is not enabling them to scale up. To scale up, they must increase their current on premise setup by adding more number of servers and increasing the storage space to incorporate the large amount of data onto the systems. With the increasing number of customers, there is a need for XYZ to have proper databases as well as additional softwares like ERP, CRM, Security Suite, LogMeln etc. Thus, the company is looking forward to opening new offices within Dublin. Also, there is a need for the company to increase the storage from 8 TB to 500 TB for data storage and backup purposes. Hence, the company also wants to eliminate the tape storage system, as it seems to be a costly option. The company thus, needs to take steps towards the IT sector and keep increasing it with the growth of business, so that it becomes easy to manage the daily and continuous needs of the company and the employees as well. Thus, this case study is to provide XYZ with the best economical solution for them to setup their new IT office in Dublin by making sure to cover all their needs and eliminating all the problems the company is currently facing and also, reducing the expenses as much as possible. On Premise Cost Analysis: No. of Servers No. of Cores Processor No. of processor per Server RAM (GB) Power (kW) Unit Cost Units (U) Unit Discount % Total Cost of 16 units 8 16 2 128 4.5 ‚ ¬7227 16 30 ‚ ¬45,530 Total Server Hardware Cost:‚ ¬45,530 Server Hardware maintenance: ‚ ¬34,148 Cost for 5 years(@ 15 %/year) Total Server hardware + maintenance: ‚ ¬79,678 Total Peak Power consumed in kW: ‚ ¬4.5 kW Rack Infrastructure Cost: Assuming 1 rack can accommodate 42 units; XYZ would require 1 rack. Rack Chassis with PDU cost *‚ ¬4000 per rack:‚ ¬3590 PDUs, dual 280V per rack cost *‚ ¬620 each, 2 per rack for higher availability: ‚ ¬1240 Top of Rack Switch (48 port 10/100/1G, 2 per Rack for higher availability, ‚ ¬6000 each): ‚ ¬12000 Development Cost of Rack and Server* ‚ ¬350 per server: ‚ ¬2800 Total Rack Infrastructure Cost: ‚ ¬19630 Total Cost ( Racks + Hardware): ‚ ¬ 99,308 Software Costs for Server: Being an automotive company XYZ uses Microsoft Dynamics GP software as their ERP software, Microsoft Dynamics CRM as their customer relationship management software and Microsoft SQL as their database software solution. Microsoft SQL Server:‚ ¬3717 Microsoft SQL Server Licence, ‚ ¬2000 per core: ‚ ¬16000 for 8 core processors Kaspersky Antivirus: ‚ ¬725 per user = ‚ ¬18,125 per user Total Server Software cost: ‚ ¬37,842 Total Server Hardware Software Installation, maintenance and updating cost: ‚ ¬22,500 TOTAL SERVER COSTS (HARDWARE + SOFTWARE) FOR 5 YEARS: ‚ ¬159,400 On Premise Facilities Cost: Total Power Consumed by Servers:4.5 kW Metered Cost per kWh:‚ ¬0.19 Estimated Power cost/month:‚ ¬589 Total monthly facilities cost:‚ ¬2173 Total facilities cost for 5 years:‚ ¬130,380 Storage Cost: SAN type storage: 500TB XYZ currently is in need of about the raw capacity requirement of 500 TB memory HDD. Also, XYZ currently makes use of RAID 10 with SQL servers for backup. Raw Storage (GB) Remaining Storage after OS recognized (~7%) Usable Storage on RAID 10 configuration (GB) Purchase price per raw GB after 50% discount Final SAN storage price 512000 GB 476,160 GB 238,080 GB ‚ ¬1.94 ‚ ¬991,232 Storage Backup Cost: Amount of Storage to be backed up (GB) Backup Window Time (Hours) Backup Window Processed TBs per drive No. of tape drives required for backup window (*~0.83 tape required for 1 TB) Cost of tape library per drive Backup cost for 5 years (Cost of tape drive * no of required tapes) 512000 GB 8 3.85 262 ‚ ¬1584 ‚ ¬415,008 Number of Racks required to host storage: 1 (Single rack can be used to 1000TB) Operating Rack Monthly Cost: ‚ ¬1320 Total data center space, power, cooling costs for 5 years: ‚ ¬79,200 Hence, total storage costs for 5 years would be:- Total Storage Cost = Raw Capacity cost + Backup Cost + Overhead Cost + Final Cost = ‚ ¬991,232 + ‚ ¬415,008 + ‚ ¬79,200 Total Storage Cost = ‚ ¬2,476,672 Bandwidth Costs: Size of Network Pipe Peak per Average Ratio On Premise Bandwidth Cost per Mbps Bandwidth Cost per month Total Bandwidth cost for 5 years 25 Mbps 3 ‚ ¬9 ‚ ¬75 ‚ ¬4500 Total Bandwidth Cost: ‚ ¬4500 IT Labour Cost: NETWORK ADMIN STORAGE ADMIN 2 ADMIN ON 1 SERVER % total admin effort 10% 80% 400% Monthly Salary ‚ ¬2500 ‚ ¬4000 ‚ ¬5000 5 Year Salary ‚ ¬150,000 ‚ ¬240,000 ‚ ¬1,200,000 Total IT salary cost: ‚ ¬1,590,000

Plutonium Discovered more Harmful than Uranium Essay -- Scientific Res

There is no such thing as a â€Å"safe dose† of plutonium. While it was common to think that uranium was the most dangerous element on the periodic table a few decades ago, scientists have now discovered a more lethal element. Plutonium, Pu, element 94 on the periodic table is a transuranic radioactive chemical element; meaning it emits excess energy when it decays. Many previous studies on transuranic elements discovered uranium as the most deadly. Plutonium, recently reviewed by scientists, has also been found to emit alpha radiation, a highly hazardous type which is also emitted by Uranium. It has been concluded that plutonium has a higher radioactivity, hence a faster half-life. What is Radiation? Radiation is excess energy, which travels through space in the form of heat, light, sound, microwaves, radio waves and x-rays. Low radioactive substances can be found everywhere. When much more sophisticated elements are subject to decay, they release many types of radiation; the most common are alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays. Beta particles are negatively charged and small, allowing them to move fast and penetrate up to 2 centimetres of human skin. Gamma rays are high-energy waves, and can travel long distances and penetrate human skin. However, they can be blocked by concrete, led, metal or even water. Both beta and gamma rays are often found in most radioactive materials, while alpha particles appear in much more hazardous elements such as uranium and plutonium. Alpha Particles An alpha particle is a type an ionizing radiation, which emits particles, composed of two protons and two neutrons, without elections; giving it a net positive charge. The radiation is only effective if these alpha particles are e... ... used in fuels and nuclear power plants would not cause such a life-changing event, for those who live adjacent to neighbouring power plants. Only time will tell what the future will hold, but let’s all hope there’s a bright one ahead. Works Cited http://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/1222-plutonium-more-dangerous-uranium.html http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/files/raduranmed.txt http://www.arpansa.gov.au/radiationprotection/basics/alpha.cfm http://orise.orau.gov/reacts/guide/alpha.htm http://www.uraniumsa.org/about/radiation.htm http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2011/04/03/impact-of-mox-fuel-at-fukushima/ http://www.imagesco.com/articles/geiger/fig1.jpg http://gothamist.com/attachments/nyc_arts_john/041211fukushima.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ejgKzSsMG48/TYrbIi-O5GI/AAAAAAAAA_s/2sN9lJTEa2c/s1600/reactor_smoke_G_20110323232127.jpg Plutonium Discovered more Harmful than Uranium Essay -- Scientific Res There is no such thing as a â€Å"safe dose† of plutonium. While it was common to think that uranium was the most dangerous element on the periodic table a few decades ago, scientists have now discovered a more lethal element. Plutonium, Pu, element 94 on the periodic table is a transuranic radioactive chemical element; meaning it emits excess energy when it decays. Many previous studies on transuranic elements discovered uranium as the most deadly. Plutonium, recently reviewed by scientists, has also been found to emit alpha radiation, a highly hazardous type which is also emitted by Uranium. It has been concluded that plutonium has a higher radioactivity, hence a faster half-life. What is Radiation? Radiation is excess energy, which travels through space in the form of heat, light, sound, microwaves, radio waves and x-rays. Low radioactive substances can be found everywhere. When much more sophisticated elements are subject to decay, they release many types of radiation; the most common are alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays. Beta particles are negatively charged and small, allowing them to move fast and penetrate up to 2 centimetres of human skin. Gamma rays are high-energy waves, and can travel long distances and penetrate human skin. However, they can be blocked by concrete, led, metal or even water. Both beta and gamma rays are often found in most radioactive materials, while alpha particles appear in much more hazardous elements such as uranium and plutonium. Alpha Particles An alpha particle is a type an ionizing radiation, which emits particles, composed of two protons and two neutrons, without elections; giving it a net positive charge. The radiation is only effective if these alpha particles are e... ... used in fuels and nuclear power plants would not cause such a life-changing event, for those who live adjacent to neighbouring power plants. Only time will tell what the future will hold, but let’s all hope there’s a bright one ahead. Works Cited http://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/1222-plutonium-more-dangerous-uranium.html http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/files/raduranmed.txt http://www.arpansa.gov.au/radiationprotection/basics/alpha.cfm http://orise.orau.gov/reacts/guide/alpha.htm http://www.uraniumsa.org/about/radiation.htm http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2011/04/03/impact-of-mox-fuel-at-fukushima/ http://www.imagesco.com/articles/geiger/fig1.jpg http://gothamist.com/attachments/nyc_arts_john/041211fukushima.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ejgKzSsMG48/TYrbIi-O5GI/AAAAAAAAA_s/2sN9lJTEa2c/s1600/reactor_smoke_G_20110323232127.jpg